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It is generally considered that animal life was triggered by the rise ofoxygen levels. Based on experiments evaluating the minimum range of oxygenlevels at which sponges can survive, Mills and coauthors(doi:10.1073/pnas.1400547111) defend the opposite view. However, the authors donot demonstrate that "animal life was not triggered by the oxygen rise" is theonly possible and unique conclusion from their observation. In this reply, itis suggested that a mechanism to explain the ability of sponges to survive atlow oxygen biota is Ocean Anoxic Events. These lead to oxygen depletion and aseries of them would selectively favor animals able to survive at low oxygenlevels. Thus, the origin of the ability of marine animals to survive in lowoxygen biota remains to be clarified.

Reply to Mills et al.: Oceanic Anoxic Event, a mechanism for selecting animals with the ability to survive hypoxic conditions