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This paper presents an overview of results obtained during the CAWSES IIperiod on the short term variability of the Sun and how it affects the nearEarth space environment. CAWSES II was planned to examine the behavior of thesolar terrestrial system as the solar activity climbed to its maximum phase insolar cycle 24. After a deep minimum following cycle 23, the Sun climbed to avery weak maximum in terms of the sunspot number in cycle 24 (MiniMax24), somany of the results presented here refer to this weak activity in comparisonwith cycle 23. The short term variability that has immediate consequence toEarth and geospace manifests as solar eruptions from closed field regions andhigh speed streams from coronal holes. Both electromagnetic (flares) and massemissions (coronal mass ejections, CMEs) are involved in solar eruptions, whilecoronal holes result in high speed streams that collide with slow wind formingthe so called corotating interaction regions (CIRs). Fast CMEs affect Earth vialeading shocks accelerating energetic particles and creating large geomagneticstorms. CIRs and their trailing high speed streams (HSSs), on the other hand,are responsible for recurrent small geomagnetic storms and extended (days) ofauroral zone activity, respectively. The latter lead to the acceleration ofrelativistic magnetospheric killer electrons. One of the major consequences ofthe weak solar activity is the altered physical state of the heliosphere thathas serious implications for the shock-driving and storm causing properties ofCMEs. Finally, a discussion is presented on extreme space weather eventsprompted by the 2012 July 23 super storm event that occurred on the backside ofthe Sun. Many of these studies were enabled by the simultaneous availability ofremote-sensing and in situ observations from multiple vantage points withrespect to the Sun Earth line.

Short term Variability of the Sun Earth System: An Overview of Progress Made during the CAWSES II Period