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An objective revision of the Laplace barometric formula for isothermalplanetary atmospheres is proposed. From Clausius virial theorem equating theroot mean square kinetic energy to half the gravitational potential energy,planetary atmospheres are required to have declining temperature with altitudeas a consequence of the interaction between thermodynamic heat flow andgravity. The virial action hypothesis predicts non adiabatic lapse rates intemperature yielding a practical means to calculate variations with altitude inatmospheric entropy, free energy, molecular density and pressure. Remarkably,the new formulae derived enable prediction of atmospheric profiles withphysical properties closely resembling those observed on Earth, Venus and Mars.These new formulae provide an objective basis for computing the dynamicmorphology of the atmosphere. Climate scientists may consider this explanatoryhypothesis for self organisation of planetary atmospheres for its possiblerelevance for predicting global surface temperatures.

Computing planetary atmospheres with algorithms derived from action  thermodynamics and a novel version of the virial theorem for gravitating  polyatomic molecules