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Socio-cognitive action reproduces and changes both social and cognitivestructures. The analytical distinction between these dimensions of structureprovides us with richer models of scientific development. In this study, Iassume that (i) social structures organize expectations into belief structuresthat can be attributed to individuals and communities; (ii) expectations arespecified in scholarly literature; and (iii) intellectually the sciences(disciplines, specialties) tend to self-organize as systems of rationalizedexpectations. Whereas social organizations remain localized, academic writingscan circulate, and expectations can be stabilized and globalized usingsymbolically generalized codes of communication. The intellectualrestructuring, however, remains latent as a second-order dynamics that can beaccessed by participants only reflexively. Yet, the emerging "horizons ofmeaning" provide feedback to the historically developing organizations byconstraining the possible future states as boundary conditions. I propose tomodel these possible future states using incursive and hyper-incursiveequations from the computation of anticipatory systems. Simulations of theseequations enable us to visualize the couplings among the historical--i.e.,recursive--progression of social structures along trajectories, theevolutionary--i.e., hyper-incursive--development of systems of expectations atthe regime level, and the incursive instantiations of expectations in actions,organizations, and texts.

Can Intellectual Processes in the Sciences Also Be Simulated? The Anticipation and Visualization of Possible Future States