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When incorrectly designed, windows can be responsible for unnecessary energyconsumption in a building. This may result from its dimensions, orientation andshadowing. In a moderate climate like the Portuguese, and considering an annualthermal comfort assessment of a space, if windows are under-dimensioned orover-shadowed, they can contribute to the increase of heating needs. However,when over-dimensioned or under-shadowed, they contribute to the increase ofcooling requirements. Therefore, it is important to find the optimum designthat balances orientation, dimension and shadowing, contributing to minimizeboth the heating and cooling needs. This study presents a parametric analysisof a double glazing window in its orientation and dimension, located in thePortuguese city of Coimbra. For each window orientation and dimension, theoptimum overhang depth is determined. The objective is to minimize degree-hoursof thermal discomfort. Results show that overhangs are mainly a correctivemechanism to over-dimensioned openings, thus allowing that buildingpractitioners may choose a wider range of windows dimensions.

A parametric study on window-to-floor ratio of double window glazing and its shadowing using dynamic simulation