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Economic systems are similar with physic systems for their large number ofindividuals and the exist of equilibrium. In this paper, we present a modelapplying the equilibrium statistical model in economic systems. Consistent withstatistical physics, we define a series of concepts, such as economictemperature, economic pressure, economic potential, wealth and population.Moreover, we suggest that these parameters show pretty close relationship withthe concepts in economy. This paper presents related concepts in theequilibrium economic model and constructs significant theorems and corollaries,which is derived from the priori possibility postulate, getting theoremsincluding the equilibrium theorem between open systems, the distributiontheorem of wealth and population along with related corollaries. Moreimportantly, we demonstrate a method constructing optimal density of states,optimizing a macroscopic parameter depending on need to get the distribution ofdensity of states utilizing the variation method, which is significant for thedevelopment of a society. In addition, we calculate a simple economic system asan example, indicating that the system occupied mostly by the middle classcould develop stably and soundly, explaining the reason for resultingdistributions of macroscopic parameters.

The Equilibrium Statistical Model of Economic Systems using Concepts and Theorems of Statistical Physics