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Rectennas formed from nanodipole antennas terminated by plasmonicmetal-insulator-metal (MIM) travelling wave transmission line rectifiers aredeveloped for ambient thermal energy harvesting at 30 THz. The transmissionlines are formed from two strips coupled either vertically or laterally. Asystematic design approach is presented, that shows how different componentscan be integrated with each other with maximum radiation receiving nantennaefficiency, maximum coupling efficiency between nantenna and rectifier, andmaximum MIM diode rectifier efficiency. The tunneling current of the rectifieris calculated using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the nonequilibriumGreen's function (NEGF). The figures of merit of the rectifier are analyzed,and the effect of the metals and insulator choices on these merits isinvestigated. A detailed parametric study of the coupled strips plasmonictransmission lines is presented and thoroughly discussed. The overallefficiencies of the proposed travelling wave rectennas are fully expressed andcompared. Due to the extremely small spacing between its two strips, thenanodipole terminated by vertical coupled strips plasmonic transmission lineoffers significantly higher efficiency than that terminated by a lateralcoupled strips line. However, the overall efficiency of the vertical coupledstrips rectenna is still very low due to the extremely low efficiency of theMIM rectifier.

Infrared Solar Energy Harvesting using Nano-Rectennas