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This paper addresses the RF link budget of a communication system usingunusual waves carrying an orbital angular momentum (OAM) in order to clearlyanalyse the fundamental changes for telecommunication applications. The studyis based on a typical configuration using circular array antennas to transmitand receive OAM waves. For any value of the OAM mode order, an originalasymptotic formulation of the link budget is proposed in which equivalentantenna gains and free-space losses appear. The formulations are then validatedwith the results of a commercial electromagnetic simulation software. By thisway, we also show how our formula can help to design a system capable ofsuperimposing several channels on the same bandwidth and the same polarisation,based on the orthogonality of the OAM. Additional losses due to the use of thisdegree of freedom are notably clearly calculated to quantify the benefit anddrawback according to the case.

Antenna Gain and Link Budget for Waves Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM)