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It is a principal open question whether noninvasive imaging methods in humanscan decode information encoded at a spatial scale as fine as the basicfunctional unit of cortex: cortical columns. We addressed this question in fivemagnetoencephalography (MEG) experiments by investigating the encoding of acolumnar-level encoded visual feature: contrast edge orientation. We found thatMEG signals contained orientation-specific information as early as ~50ms afterstimulus onset even when controlling for confounds, such as overrepresentationof particular orientations, stimulus edge interactions, and global form-relatedsignals. Theoretical modeling confirmed the plausibility of this empiricalresult. An essential consequence of our results is that information encoded inthe human brain at the level of cortical columns should in general beaccessible by multivariate analysis of electrophysiological signals.

Can visual information encoded in cortical columns be decoded from magnetoencephalography data in humans?