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With the rapid growth of demand for ever-increasing data rate, spectrumresources have become more and more scarce. As a promising technique toincrease the efficiency of the spectrum utilization, cognitive radio (CR)technique has the great potential to meet such a requirement by allowingun-licensed users to coexist in licensed bands. In conventional CR systems, thespectrum sensing is performed at the beginning of each time slot before thedata transmission. This unfortunately results in two major problems: 1)transmission time reduction due to sensing, and 2) sensing accuracy impairmentdue to data transmission. To tackle these problems, in this paper we present anew design paradigm for future CR by exploring the full-duplex (FD) techniquesto achieve the simultaneous spectrum sensing and data transmission. With FDradios equipped at the secondary users (SUs), SUs can simultaneously sense andaccess the vacant spectrum, and thus, significantly improve sensingperformances and meanwhile increase data transmission efficiency. The aim ofthis article is to transform the promising conceptual framework into thepractical wireless network design by addressing a diverse set of challengessuch as protocol design and theoretical analysis. Several application scenarioswith FD enabled CR are elaborated, and key open research directions and novelalgorithms in these systems are discussed.

Full-Duplex Cognitive Radio: A New Design Paradigm for Enhancing Spectrum Usage