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The plasmodium of slime mould Physarum polycephalum behaves as an amorphousreaction-diffusion computing substrate and is capable of apparently intelligentbehaviour. But how does intelligence emerge in an acellular organism? Through arange of laboratory experiments, we visualise the plasmodial cytoskeleton, aubiquitous cellular protein scaffold whose functions are manifold and essentialto life, and discuss its putative role as a network for transducing,transmitting and structuring data streams within the plasmodium. Through arange of computer modelling techniques, we demonstrate how emergent behaviour,and hence computational intelligence, may occur in cytoskeletal communicationsnetworks. Specifically, we model the topology of both the actin and tubulincytoskeletal networks and discuss how computation may occur therein.Furthermore, we present bespoke cellular automata and particle swarm models forthe computational process within the cytoskeleton and observe the incidence ofemergent patterns in both. Our work grants unique insight into the origins ofnatural intelligence; the results presented here are therefore readilytransferable to the fields of natural computation, cell biology and biomedicalscience. We conclude by discussing how our results may alter our biological,computational and philosophical understanding of intelligence andconsciousness.

On the role of the plasmodial cytoskeleton in facilitating intelligent behaviour in slime mould Physarum polycephalum