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Solitary electrons holes (SEHs) are localized electrostatic positivepotential structures in collisionless plasmas. These are vortex-like structuresin the electron phase space. Its existence is cause of distortion of theelectron distribution in the resonant region. These are explained theoreticallyfirst time by Schamel et.al [Phys. Scr. 20, 336 (1979) and Phys. Plasmas 19,020501 (2012)]. Propagating solitary electron holes can also be formed in alaboratory plasma when a fast rising high positive voltage pulse is applied toa metallic electrode [Kar et. al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 102113 (2010)] immersed ina low pressure plasma. The temporal evolution of these structures can bestudied by measuring the transient electron distribution function (EDF). In thepresent work, transient EDF is measured after formation of a solitary electronhole in nearly uniform, unmagnetized, and collisionless plasma for appliedpulse width and, where and are applied pulse width and inverse of ion plasmafrequency respectively. For both type of pulse widths, double hump like profileof transient EDF is observed, indicating that solitary electron hole exists inthe system for time periods longer than the applied pulse duration. The beam(or free) electrons along with trapped (or bulk) electrons gives the solutionof SEHs in the plasma. Without free or beam electrons, no SEHs exist. TransientEDF measurements reveal the existence and evolution of SEHs in the plasma.Measurements show that these structures live in system for longer time in thelow pressure range. In high pressure cases, only single hump like transient EDFis observed i.e. only trapped or bulk electrons. In this situation, SEH doesnot exist in the plasma during evolution of plasma after the end of appliedpulse.

Transient evolution of solitary electron holes in low pressure laboratory plasma