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Ultrafine (2-5 nm) particles of amorphous Ca-Mg co-doped ferrihydrite havebeen synthesized by surfactant mediated co-precipitation method. The evolutionof the amorphous ferrihydrite by Ca-Mg co-doping is quite different from ourearlier investigations on individual Ca and Mg doping studies. Amorphous phaseof ferrihydrite for the present study has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and M\"ossbauer spectroscopy at room temperature and low temperatures (40K and 20 K). Hematite nanoparticles with crystallite size about 8, 38 and 70 nmwere obtained after annealing the as-prepared samples at 400, 600 and 800$^0$Crespectively in air atmosphere. Superparamagnetism has been found in 8 nm sizedhematite nanoparticles which has been confirmed from the magnetic hysteresisloop with zero remanent magnetization and coercive field and also from thesuperparamagnetic doublet of its room temperature M\"ossbauer spectrum. Themagnetic properties of the 38 and 70 nm sized particles have been studied byroom temperature magnetic hysteresis loop measurements and M\"ossbauerspectroscopy. The coercive field in these hematite nanoparticles increases withincreasing particle size. Small amount of spinel MgFe$_{2}$O$_{4}$ phase hasbeen detected in the 800$^0$C annealed sample.

M\"ossbauer and Magnetic Studies of Surfactant Mediated Ca-Mg Doped Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles