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The cloud-radio access network (CRAN) is expected to be the core networkarchitecture for next generation mobile radio systems. In this paper, weconsider the downlink of a CRAN formed of one central processor (the cloud) andseveral base-station (BS), where each BS is connected to the cloud via either awireless or capacity-limited wireline backhaul link. The paper addresses thejoint design of the hybrid backhaul links (i.e., designing the wireline andwireless backhaul connections from the cloud to the BSs) and the access links(i.e., determining the sparse beamforming solution from the BSs to the users).The paper formulates the hybrid backhaul and access link design problem byminimizing the total network power consumption. The paper solves the problemusing a two-stage heuristic algorithm. At one stage, the sparse beamformingsolution is found using a weighted mixed `1=`2 norm minimization approach; thecorrelation matrix of the quantization noise of the wireline backhaul links iscomputed using the classical rate-distortion theory. At the second stage, thetransmit powers of the wireless backhaul links are found by solving a powerminimization problem subject to quality-of-service constraints, based on theprinciple of conservation of rate by utilizing the rates found in the firststage. Simulation results suggest that the performance of the proposedalgorithm approaches the global optimum solution, especially at highsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

Joint Hybrid Backhaul and Access Links Design in Cloud-Radio Access Networks