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Recently, we have developed a PHYsical layer Phase Challenge-ResponseAuthentication Scheme (PHY-PCRAS) for independent multicarrier transmission. Inthis paper, we make a further step by proposing a novel artificial-noise-aidedPHY-PCRAS (ANA-PHY-PCRAS) for practical orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) transmission, where the Tikhonov-distributed artificialnoise is introduced to interfere with the phase-modulated key for resistingpotential key-recovery attacks whenever a static channel between two legitimateusers is unfortunately encountered. Then, we address various practical issuesfor ANA-PHY-PCRAS with OFDM transmission, including correlation amongsubchannels, imperfect carrier and timing recoveries. Among them, we show thatthe effect of sampling offset is very significant and a search procedure in thefrequency domain should be incorporated for verification. With practical OFDMtransmission, the number of uncorrelated subchannels is often not sufficient.Hence, we employ a time-separated approach for allocating enough subchannelsand a modified ANA-PHY-PCRAS is proposed to alleviate the discontinuity ofchannel phase at far-separated time slots. Finally, the key equivocation isderived for the worst case scenario. We conclude that the enhanced security ofANA-PHY-PCRAS comes from the uncertainty of both the wireless channel andintroduced artificial noise, compared to the traditional challenge-responseauthentication scheme implemented at the upper layer.

Artificial-Noise-Aided Physical Layer Phase Challenge-Response Authentication for Practical OFDM Transmission