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Because of the emerging field of Internet of Things (IoT), future backscatterRFID is required to be more reliable and data intensive. Motivated by this,orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC), which is very successful in mobilecommunications for its low complexity and high performance, has already beeninvestigated for backscatter RFID. On the other hand, a recently proposedscheme called unitary query was shown to be able to considerably improve thereliability of backscatter radio by exploiting query diversity. Thereforeincorporating the classical OSTBC (at the tag end) with the recently proposedunitary query (at the query end) seems to be promising. However, in this paper,we show that simple, direct employment of OSTBC together with unitary queryincurs a linear decoding problem and eventually leads to a severe performancedegradation. As a re-design of the recently proposed unitary query and theclassical OSTBC specifically for MIMO backscatter RFID, we present aBUTQ-mOSTBC design pair idea by proposing the block-level unitary query (BUTQ)at the query end and the corresponding modified OSTBC (mOSTBC) at the tag end.The proposed BUTQ-mOSTBC can resolve the linear decoding problem, keep thesimplicity and high performance properties of the classical OSTBC, and achievethe query diversity for the $M \times L \times N$ MIMO backscatter RFIDchannel.

Block-Level Unitary Query: Incorporating Orthogonal-like Space-time Code with Query Diversity for MIMO Backscatter RFID