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We report an in-line polarization-dependent all-optical fiber modulator basedon a stereo graphene-microfiber structure (GMF) by utilizing the lab-on-rodtechnique. Owing to the unique spring-like geometry, an ultra-long GMFinteraction length can be achieved, and an ultra-high modulation depth (MD) of~7.5 dB and a high modulation efficiency (ME) of ~0.2 dB/mW were demonstratedfor one polarization state. The MD and ME are more than one order larger thanthose of other graphene-waveguide hybrid all-optical modulators. By furtheroptimizing the transferring and cleaning process, the modulator can quicklyswitch between transparent and opaque states for both the two polarizationstates with a maximized MD of tens of decibels. This modulator is compatiblewith current fiber-optic communication systems and may be applied in the nearfuture to meet the impending need for ultrafast optical signal processing.

Polarization-dependent all-optical modulator with ultra-high modulation depth based on a stereo graphene-microfiber structure