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Variations of instantaneous heart rate appears regularly oscillatory indeeper levels of anesthesia and less regular in lighter levels of anesthesia.It is impossible to observe this "rhythmic-to-non-rhythmic" phenomenon from rawelectrocardiography waveform in current standard anesthesia monitors. Toexplore the possible clinical value, I proposed the adaptive harmonic model,which fits the descriptive property in physiology, and provides adequatemathematical conditions for the quantification. Based on the adaptive harmonicmodel, multitaper Synchrosqueezing transform was used to provide time-varyingpower spectrum, which facilitates to compute the quantitative index:"Non-rhythmic-to-Rhythmic Ratio" index (NRR index). I then used a clinicaldatabase to analyze the behavior of NRR index and compare it with otherstandard indices of anesthetic depth. The positive statistical results suggestthat NRR index provides addition clinical information regarding motor reaction,which aligns with current standard tools. Furthermore, the ability to indicatesthe noxious stimulation is an additional finding. Lastly, I have proposed anreal-time interpolation scheme to contribute my study further as a clinicalapplication.

The Modeling and Quantification of Rhythmic to Non-rhythmic Phenomenon in Electrocardiography during Anesthesia