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We perform a detailed study of double Higgs production via gluon fusion inthe Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework where effects from new physics areparametrized by local operators. Our analysis provides a perspective broaderthan the one followed in most of the previous analyses, where this process wasmerely considered as a way to extract the Higgs trilinear coupling. We focus onthe $hh \to b\bar b\gamma\gamma$ channel and perform a thorough simulation ofsignal and background at the 14 TeV LHC and a future 100 TeV proton-protoncollider. We make use of invariant mass distributions to enhance thesensitivity on the EFT coefficients and give a first assessment of the impactof jet substructure techniques on the results. The range of validity of the EFTdescription is estimated, as required to consistently exploit the high-energyrange of distributions, pointing out the potential relevance of dimension-8operators. Our analysis contains a few important improvements over previousstudies and identifies some inaccuracies there appearing in connection with theestimate of signal and background rates. The estimated precision on the Higgstrilinear coupling that follows from our results is less optimistic thanpreviously claimed in the literature. We find that a ~30% accuracy can bereached on the trilinear coupling at a future 100 TeV collider with 3 ab^-1.Only an O(1) determination seems instead possible at the LHC with the sameamount of integrated luminosity.

Effective field theory analysis of double Higgs production via gluon fusion