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The brain did not develop a dedicated device for reasoning. This fact bearsdramatic consequences. While for perceptuo-motor functions neural activity isshaped by the input's statistical properties, and processing is carried out athigh speed in hardwired spatially segregated modules, in reasoning, neuralactivity is driven by internal dynamics, and processing times, stages, andfunctional brain geometry are largely unconstrained a priori. Here, it is shownthat the complex properties of spontaneous activity, which can be ignored in ashort-lived event-related world, become prominent at the long time scales ofcertain forms of reasoning which stretch over sufficiently long periods oftime. It is argued that the neural correlates of reasoning should in fact bedefined in terms of non-trivial generic properties of spontaneous brainactivity, and that this implies resorting to concepts, analytical tools, andways of designing experiments that are as yet non-standard in cognitiveneuroscience. The implications in terms of models of brain activity, shape ofthe neural correlates, methods of data analysis, observability of thephenomenon and experimental designs are discussed.

Characterizing the neural correlates of reasoning