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WINERED is a newly built high-efficiency (throughput$ > 25-30\%$) andhigh-resolution spectrograph customized for short NIR bands at 0.9-1.35 ${\rm\mu}$m. WINERED is equipped with ambient temperature optics and a cryogeniccamera using a 1.7 ${\rm \mu}$m cut-off HgCdTe HAWAII-2RG array detector.WINERED has two grating modes: one with a conventional reflective echellegrating (R$\sim$28,300), which covers 0.9-1.35 $\mu$m simultaneously, the otherwith ZnSe or ZnS immersion grating (R$\sim$100,000). We have completed thedevelopment of WINERED except for the immersion grating, and startedengineering and science observations at the Nasmyth platform of the 1.3 m ArakiTelescope at Koyama Astronomical Observatory of Kyoto-Sangyo University inJapan. We confirmed that the spectral resolution ($R\sim$ 28,300) and thethroughput ($>$ 40\% w/o telescope/atmosphere/array QE) meet ourspecifications. We measured ambient thermal backgrounds (e.g., 0.06 ${\rm[e^{-}/sec/pixel]}$ at 287 K), which are roughly consistent with that weexpected. WINERED is a portable instrument that can be installed at anytelescope with Nasmyth focus as a PI-type instrument. If WINERED is installedon a 10 meter telescope, the limiting magnitude is expected to be J=18-19,which can provide high-resolution spectra with high quality even for faintdistant objects.

A Warm Near-Infrared High-Resolution Spectrograph with Very High Throughput (WINERED)