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Anisotropic Diffusion is widely used for noise reduction with simultaneouspreservation of vascular structures in maximum intensity projected (MIP)angiograms. However, extension to minimum intensity projected (mIP) venogramsin Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) poses difficulties due to spatiallyvarying baseline. Here, we introduce a modified version of the directionalanisotropic diffusion which allows us to simultaneously reduce the noise andenhance vascular structures reconstructed using both M/mIP angiograms. Thismethod is based on spatial adaptation of the diffusion function, separately inthe directions of the gradient, and along those of the minimum and maximumcurvatures. The existing approach of directional anisotropic diffusion usesbinary switched diffusion function to ensure diffusion along the direction ofmaximum curvature stopped near the vessel borders. Here, the choice of athreshold for detecting the upper limit of diffusion becomes difficult in thepresence of spatially varying baseline. Also, the approach of using vesselnessmeasure to steer the diffusion process results in structural discontinuitiesdue to junction suppression in mIP. The merits of the proposed method includeelimination of the need for an apriori choice of a threshold to detect thevessel, and problems due to junction suppression. The proposed method is alsoextended to multi-channel phase contrast angiogram.

Image enhancement in intensity projected multichannel MRI using spatially adaptive directional anisotropic diffusion