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In a topological insulator, it is the electrons on the surface or edge thatcarry the signature of topology. Recently, a novel topological state has beenproposed in metals or semimetals (gapless) whose band-structure is similar tothat of a three-dimensional analog of graphene. However, to this date thesignature of its topology remains an open question. We report the experimentaldiscovery of a pair of polarized Fermi arc surface state modes in the form of anew type of two-dimensional polarized electron gas on the surfaces of Diracsemimetals. These Fermi arc surface states (FASS) are observed to connectacross an even number of bulk band gapless nodes and found to have their spinuniquely locked to their momentum. We show that these states are distinctlydifferent from the topological surface states (TSS) seen in all knowntopological insulators. Our observed exotic two-dimensional states not onlyuncover the novel topology of gapless Dirac metals (such as sodium tribismuthNa$_3$Bi) but also opens new research frontiers for the utilization oftopological Fermi arc electron gases for a wide range of fundamental physicsand spintronic studies.

Observation of Fermi Arc Surface States in a Topological Metal: A New Type of 2D Electron Gas beyond Z2 Topological Insulators