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The need to carry out analytical studies of wireless systems often motivatesthe usage of simplified models which, despite their tractability, can easilylead to an overestimation of the achievable performance. In the case of densesmall cells networks, the standard single slope path-loss model has been shownto provide interesting, but supposedly too optimistic, properties such as theinvariance of the outage/coverage probability and of the spectral efficiency tothe base station density. This paper seeks to explore the performance of densesmall cells networks when a more accurate path-loss model is taken intoaccount. We first propose a stochastic geometry based framework for small cellnetworks where the signal propagation accounts for both the Line-of-Sight (LOS)and Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) components, such as the model provided by the 3GPPfor evaluation of pico-cells in Heterogeneous Networks. We then study theperformance of these networks and we show the dependency of some metrics suchas the outage/coverage probability, the spectral efficiency and Area SpectralEfficiency (ASE) on the base station density and on the LOS likelihood of thepropagation environment. Specifically, we show that, with LOS/NLOS propagation,dense networks still achieve large ASE gain but, at the same time, suffer fromhigh outage probability.

A Stochastic Geometry Framework for LOS/NLOS Propagation in Dense Small Cell Networks