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Fire is an indissoluble component of ecosystems, however quantifying theeffects of fire on vegetation is challenging task as fire lies outside thetypical experimental design attributes. A recent simulation study showed thatunder increased fire regimes positive tree-tree interactions were recorded(Bacelar et al., 2014). Data from experimental burning plots in an Africansavanna, the Kruger National Park, were collected across unburnt and annualburn plots. Indices of aggregation and spatial autocorrelation of thedistribution of trees between different fire regimes were explored. Resultsshow that the distribution of trees under fire were more clumped and exhibitedhigher spatial autocorrelation than in unburnt plots: In burnt plots spatialautocorrelation values were positive at finer scales and negative at coarserscales potentially indicating co-existence of facilitation and competitionwithin the same ecosystem depending on the scale. The pattern derived hereprovides inference for (a) fire acting as an increasing aggregation & spatialautocorrelation force (b) tree survival under fire regimes is potentiallyfacilitated by forming patches of trees (c) scale-dependent facilitation andcompetition coexisting within the same ecosystem with finer scale facilitationand coarser scale competition.

Fire acting as an increasing spatial autocorrelation force: Implications for pattern formation and ecological facilitation