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The recent (apparent) passage of the Voyager 1 spacecraft into interstellarspace provides us with front-row seats to the complex interplay between thesolar wind and the protective surrounding bubble known as heliosphere. Theheliosphere extends radially out to $\sim100$ AU from the sun, and within thissphere of influence, the solar wind modulates the incoming flux of galacticcosmic rays (CRs), especially those at low energies. Newly formed stars, whichsupport both strong magnetic fields and winds, are expected to produceanalogous regions of CR exclusion, perhaps at elevated levels. Such young starsare encircled by molecular gas-rich disks, and the net removal of CRs from thecircumstellar environment significantly reduces the expected CR ionization ratein the disk gas, most likely by many orders-of-magnitude. The loss ofionization reduces disk turbulence, and thereby affects both planet-formationand active chemical processes in the disk. We present models of CR exclusionand explore the implications for turbulence and for predicted chemicalabundances. We also discuss means by which ALMA can be used to search forextrasolar heliosphere-analogs around young stars.

Wind-driven Exclusion of Cosmic Rays in the Protoplanetary Disk Environment