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We propose an Energy-aware Maximal Leaf Nodes Data Gathering (EMLN-DG)algorithm for periodic data collection and transmission in wireless sensornetworks. For each round of data gathering, an EMLN-DG tree spanning the entiresensor network is formed based on the residual energy level available at thenodes and the number of uncovered neighbors of a node during tree formation.Only nodes that have a relatively larger number of neighbors as well as ahigher energy level are included as intermediate nodes in the EMLN-DG tree. Bymaximizing the number of leaf nodes in a DG tree and considering the energylevel available at the nodes while forming the tree, we reduce energyconsumption per round as well as balance the energy level across all the nodesin the network. This contributes to a significantly larger network lifetime,measured as the number of rounds before the first node failure due toexhaustion of battery charge. Performance comparison studies with thewell-known data gathering algorithms such as LEACH and PEGASIS illustrate thatEMLN-DG can help to sustain the network for a significantly larger number ofrounds and at the same time incur a lower, or if not comparable, energy loss,delay and energy loss*delay per round of data gathering.

An Algorithm to Determine Energy-aware Maximal Leaf Nodes Data Gathering Tree for Wireless Sensor Networks