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The impact of confinement on self-assembly of particles interacting withshort-range attraction and long-range repulsion (SALR) potential is studied forthermodynamic states corresponding to local ordering of clusters or layers inthe bulk. Exact and asymptotic expressions for the local density and for theeffective potential between the confining surfaces are obtained for aone-dimensional lattice model introduced in [J. P\k{e}kalski et al. $J. Chem.Phys.$ ${\bf 140}$, 144903 (2013)].The simple asymptotic formulas are shown tobe in good quantitative agreement with exact results for slits containing atleast 5 layers. We observe that the incommensurability of the system size andthe average distance between the clusters or layers in the bulk leads tostructural deformations that are different for different values of the chemicalpotential $\mu$. The change of the type of defects is reflected in thedependence of density on $\mu$ that has a shape characteristic for phasetransitions. Our results may help to avoid misinterpretation of the change ofthe type of defects as a phase transition in simulations of inhomogeneoussystems. Finally, we show that a system confined by soft elastic walls mayexhibit bistability such that two system sizes that differ approximately by theaverage distance between the clusters or layers are almost equally probable.This may happen when the equilibrium separation between the soft boundaries ofan empty slit corresponds to the largest stress in the confined self-assemblingsystem.

Bistability in a self-assembling system confined by elastic walls. Exact results in a one-dimensional lattice model