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We have used low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction to examine thesignificance of lattice orientation in graphene growth on Cu(001). Individualgraphene domains undergo anisotropic growth on the Cu surface, and develop intolens shapes with their long axes roughly aligned with the Cu<100> in-planedirections. The long axis of a lens-shaped domain is only rarely oriented alonga C<11> direction, suggesting that carbon attachment at "zigzag" grapheneisland edges is unfavorable. A kink-mediated adatom attachment process isconsistent with the behavior observed here and reported in the literature. Thedetails of the ridged moire pattern formed by the superposition of the graphenelattice on the (001) Cu surface also evolve with the graphene latticeorientation, and are predicted well by a simple geometric model. Managing thekink-mediated growth mode of graphene on Cu(001) will be necessary for thecontinued improvement of this graphene synthesis technique.

Influence of lattice orientation on growth and structure of graphene on Cu(001)