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Irradiation of intense ultrafast laser pulses in glasses can lead toformation of nanogratings whose periods are significantly smaller than theincident irradiation wavelength. The mechanism of the exotic phenomenon isstill under debate. Here, we access the snapshots of morphologies in the laseraffected regions in a porous glass which reveal the evolution of the formationof nanogratings with increasing number of laser pulses. Combined with furthertheoretical analyses, our observation provides important clues which suggestthat excitation of standing plasma waves at the interfaces between areasmodified and unmodified by the femtosecond laser irradiation plays a crucialrole for promoting the growth of periodic nanogratings. The finding indicatesthat the formation of volume nanogratings induced by irradiation of femtosecondlaser pulses is initiated with a mechanism similar to the formation of surfacenanoripples.

Plasma waves excited at interface by femtosecond laser irradiation enabling formation of volume nanograting in glass