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The two main predictions of quantum field theory in curved space-time, namelyHawking radiation and cosmological pair production, have not been directlytested and involve ultra high energy configurations. As a consequence, theyshould be considered with caution. Using the analogy with condensed mattersystems, their analogue versions could be tested in the lab. Moreover, the highenergy behavior of these systems is known and involves dispersion anddissipation, which regulate the theory at short distances. When consideringexperiments which aim to test the above predictions, there will also be acompetition between the stimulated emission from thermal noise and thespontaneous emission out of vacuum. In order to measure these effects, oneshould thus compute the consequences of UV dispersion and dissipation, andidentify observables able to establish that the spontaneous emission tookplace. In this thesis, we first analyze the effects of dispersion anddissipation on both Hawking radiation and pair particle production. To getexplicit results, we work in the context of de Sitter space. Using the extendedsymmetries of the theory in such a background, exact results are obtained.These are then transposed to the context of black holes using thecorrespondence between de Sitter space and the black hole near horizon region.To introduce dissipation, we consider an exactly solvable model producing anydecay rate. We also study the quantum entanglement of the particles soproduced. In a second part, we consider explicit condensed matter systems,namely Bose Einstein condensates and exciton-polariton systems. We analyze theeffects of dissipation on entanglement produced by the dynamical Casimireffect. As a final step, we study the entanglement of Hawking radiation in thepresence of dispersion for a generic analogue system.

Dispersive and dissipative effects in quantum field theory in curved space-time to model condensed matter systems