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Our planet is experiencing an accelerated process of change associated to avariety of anthropogenic phenomena. The future of this transformation isuncertain, but there is general agreement about its negative unfolding thatmight threaten our own survival. Furthermore, the pace of the expected changesis likely to be abrupt: catastrophic shifts might be the most likely outcome ofthis ongoing, apparently slow process. Although different strategies forgeo-engineering the planet have been advanced, none seem likely to safelyrevert the large-scale problems associated to carbon dioxide accumulation orecosystem degradation. An alternative possibility considered here is inspiredin the rapidly growing potential for engineering living systems. It wouldinvolve designing synthetic organisms capable of reproducing and expanding tolarge geographic scales with the goal of achieving a long-term or a transientrestoration of ecosystem-level homeostasis. Such a regional or evenplanetary-scale engineering would have to deal with the complexity of ourbiosphere. It will require not only a proper design of organisms but alsounderstanding their place within ecological networks and their evolvability.This is a likely future scenario that will require integration of ideas comingfrom currently weakly connected domains, including synthetic biology,ecological and genome engineering, evolutionary theory, climate science,biogeography and invasion ecology, among others.

Bioengineering the biosphere?