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This thesis deals with applications of holographic dualities to the study ofbackground field and time dependence effects in strongly coupled fieldtheories.  The first chapters (2-5) aim to provide a self-contained review of theSakai-Sugimoto model (SSM) as a top-down approach to holographic QCD,introducing first the necessary background on QCD, string theory and AdS/CFT.Chapter 7 reviews finite temperature holography, to be used in the subsequentchapters.  We use the non-Abelian ($N_f = 2$) SSM to study a possible magneticallyinduced instability of the QCD vacuum towards a superconducting phase, aspreviously discussed in phenomenological QCD models and there referred to as"rho meson condensation". We find that this instability can indeed beholographically described by the SSM, and obtain increasingly higherpredictions for the necessary critical magnetic field in increasinglycomplicated (i.e. less simplified) set-ups. The obtained results are presentedin chapter 6 and are based on arXiv:1105.2217 and arXiv:1309.5042. In chapter 8we discuss the splitting of chiral transition temperatures per flavour in thefinite temperature regime of the $N_f = 2$ SSM, indicating an intermediatephase where chiral symmetry is only partially restored. This was previouslypresented in arXiv:1303.5674.  In chapter 9, instead of a top-down approach, bottom-up models known as"AdS-Vaidya" models are used in the context of condensed matter applications tostudy far-from-equilibrium behaviour of strongly coupled electron systems. Anotion of a time-dependent spectral function is defined and calculated inReissner-Nordstr\"om-AdS$_4$-Vaidya as a very first step towards extracting inprinciple measurable quantities in time-resolved ARPES experiments[arXiv:1407.5975]. Focus is put on explaining the used numerical method(pseudospectral method).

Background field and time dependence effects in holographic models