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Increased coupling between critical infrastructure networks, such as powerand communication systems, will have important implications for the reliabilityand security of these systems. To understand the effects of power-communicationcoupling, several have studied interdependent network models and reported thatincreased coupling can increase system vulnerability. However, these resultscome from models that have substantially different mechanisms of cascading,relative to those found in actual power and communication networks. This paperreports on two sets of experiments that compare the network vulnerabilityimplications resulting from simple topological models and models that moreaccurately capture the dynamics of cascading in power systems. First, wecompare a simple model of topological contagion to a model of cascading inpower systems and find that the power grid shows a much higher level ofvulnerability, relative to the contagion model. Second, we compare a model oftopological cascades in coupled networks to three different physics-basedmodels of power grids coupled to communication networks. Again, the moreaccurate models suggest very different conclusions. In all but the most extremecase, the physics-based power grid models indicate that increasedpower-communication coupling decreases vulnerability. This is opposite fromwhat one would conclude from the coupled topological model, in which zerocoupling is optimal. Finally, an extreme case in which communication failuresimmediately cause grid failures, suggests that if systems are poorly designed,increased coupling can be harmful. Together these results suggest designstrategies for reducing the risk of cascades in interdependent infrastructuresystems.

Reducing Cascading Failure Risk by Increasing Infrastructure Network Interdependency