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In this study, we have investigated the fluctuations of particle motion, i.e.the non-affine motion, during the avalanche process, discovering a richdynamics from the microscopic to the macroscopic scales. We find that there isstrong correlation between the magnitude of the velocity fluctuation and thevelocity magnitude in the spatial and temporal domains. The possible connectionbetween this finding and STZ is discussed based on the direct measurement ofthe T1 events. In addition, the velocity magnitude of the system and the stressfluctuations of the system are strongly correlated temporally. Our finding willpose challenges to the development of more rigorous theories to describe theavalanche dynamics based on the microscopic approach. Moreover, our findingpresents a plausible mechanism of the particle entrainment in a simple system.

Fluctuations of particle motion in granular avalanches - from the microscopic to the macroscopic scales