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The article presents the results of analysis of the spatial arrangement ofthe wells on the unique slab from Srubna burial of kurgan field Tavriya-1(Rostov region, Russia) by astronomical methods. At the slab revealed twointerrelated groups of wells, one of which - in the form of a circle, isproposed to interpret how analemmatic sundial, and second group, consisting ofdisparate wells, as auxiliary astronomical markers of rising luminariesdirections, to correct the position of the gnomon. Simultaneous location ofboth groups of wells on the same slab is a possible indication of one of thestages of development of the design features analemmatic sundial - settingmovable gnomon and technology of measuring time with it. It may point to localorigin, as the very idea of analemmatic sundial as well technology measurementof time with them. The article also describes the model analemmatic sundial,hour marks which in many cases coincide with the wells arranged in a circle,particularly in a working range from 6 to 18 hours. In the study proposed amethod which can identify moments of solstices and equinoxes in ancient timeswith the help of the gnomon of analemmatic sundial and mobile gnomons,installed in wells belonging to the second group. The opportunity of useanalemmatic sundial as moondial in a full moon night. Slab with two groups ofwells is proposed to consider, as the oldest astronomical instrument discoveredin the Northern Black Sea coast, which allowed to observe the apparent motionof the Sun and the Moon and allowed measure the time during the day, usinganalemmatic sundial and at night during the full Moon - with the help ofmoondial. Keywords: analemmatic sundial, moondial, srubna burial, slab, wells,cupped depressions, gnomon, model, technology, astronomical methods,archaeoastronomy.

Ancient astronomical instrument from Srubna burial of kurgan field Tavriya-1 (Northern Black Sea Coast)