English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The Earth has warmed in the last century with the most rapid warmingoccurring near the surface in the arctic. This enhanced surface warming in theArctic is partly because the extra heat is trapped in a thin layer of air nearthe surface due to the persistent stable-stratification found in this region.The warming of the surface air due to the extra heat depends upon the amount ofturbulent mixing in the atmosphere, which is described by the depth of theatmospheric boundary layer (ABL). In this way the depth of the ABL determinesthe effective response of the surface air temperature to perturbations in theclimate forcing. The ABL depth can vary from tens of meters to a few kilometerswhich presents a challenge for global climate models which cannot resolve theshallower layers. Here we show that the uncertainties in the depth of the ABLcan explain up to 60 percent of the difference between the simulated andobserved surface air temperature trends and 50 percent of the difference intemperature variability for the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) ensemble mean. Previously the difference between observed and modeledtemperature was thought to be largely due to differences in individual modelstreatment of large-scale circulation and other factors related to the forcing,such as sea-ice extent. While this can be an important source of uncertainty inclimate projections, our results show that it is the representation of the ABLin these models which is the main reason global climate models cannot reproducethe observed spatial and temporal pattern of climate change. This highlightsthe need for a better description of the stably-stratified ABL in globalclimate models in order to constrain the current uncertainty in climatevariability and projections of climate change in the surface layer.

Planetary boundary layer depth in Global climate models induced biases in surface climatology