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An approximate theory is presented describing the propagation of theice-water front that develops in droplets of water that are deposited on aplanar surface at a temperature below the melting point of ice. A calculationbased on this theory is compared with our experimental observations of the timeevolution of this front. The results of calculations of this front by Schultzet al7, obtained by integrating numerically the exact differential equationsfor this problem, were published graphically, but only for the time-dependentvelocity of this front. Unfortunately, these theoretical results cannot becompared directly with our experimental observations. Our experiments wereperformed by freezing water droplets directly on a block of dry ice, and inorder to examine the effects of the heat conductivity of a substrate during thefreezing process, such droplets were also deposited on a glass plate and on acopper plate placed on dry ice. The temperature at the base of these droplets,and the dependence of the freezing time on their size was also investigated experimentally, and compared with our analytic approximation of the theory. Suchexperiment have not been published previously, and reveal that the usualassumption that the temperature at the base of the droplets is a constant, madein all previous theoretical papers on this subject, cannot be implemented inpractice.

Theory and experiments on the ice-water front propagation in droplets freezing on a subzero surface