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Glasses and gels are the two dynamically arrested, disordered states ofmatter. Despite their importance, their similarities and differences remainelusive, especially at high density. We identify dynamical and structuralsignatures which distinguish the gel and glass transitions in a colloidal modelsystem of hard and "sticky" spheres. Gelation is induced by crossing thegas-liquid phase-separation line and the resulting rapid densification of thecolloid-rich phase leads to a sharp change in dynamics and local structure.Thus, we find that gelation is first-order-like and can occur at much higherdensities than previously thought: far from being low-density networks, gelshave a clear "thermodynamic" definition which nevertheless leads to anon-equilibrium state with a distinct local structure characteristic of arapidly quenched glass. In contrast, approaching the glass transition, thedynamics slow continuously accompanied by the emergence of local five-foldsymmetric structure. Our findings provide a general thermodynamic, kinetic, andstructural basis upon which to distinguish gelation from vitrification.

The nature of the glass and gel transitions in sticky spheres