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Software transactional memory implementations which allow transactions towork on inconsistent states of shared data, risk to cause application visibleerrors such as memory access violations or endless loops. Hence, manyimplementations rely on repeated incremental validation of every read of thetransaction to always guarantee for a consistent view of shared data. Becausethis eager validation technique generates significant processing costs severalproposals have been published to establish a sandbox for transactions, whichtransparently prevents or suppresses those errors and thereby allows to reducethe frequency of in-flight validations.  The most comprehensive sandboxing concept of transactions in softwaretransactional memory based on deferred updates and considering unmanagedlanguages, integrates multiple techniques such as signal interposition,out-of-band validation and static and dynamic instrumentation. The lattercomprises the insertion of a validation barrier in front of every direct writewhich addresses the execution stack of the thread and potentially results fromunvalidated reads.  This paper basically results from a review of this sandboxing approach, whichrevealed some improvements for sandboxing on C/C++. Based on knowledge aboutthe runtime environment and the compiler an error model has been developed toidentify critical paths to application visible errors. This analysis lead to aconcept for stack protection with less frequent validation, an alternativeout-of-band validation technique and revealed additional risks of so-calledwaivered regions without instrumentation inside transactions.

Sandboxing for Software Transactional Memory with Deferred Updates