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We use a series of molecular dynamics simulations, and analytical theory, todemonstrate that a system of hard spheres confined to a narrow cylindricalchannel exhibits a continuous phase transition from an isotropic fluid at lowdensities, to an orientationally ordered, but translationally disordered,helical fluid at high densities. The ordered fluid phase contains smallsections of helix separated by topological defects that change the direction ofthe twist, altering the local chirailty. The defects break up the translationalorder, but the fluid develops long range orientational order. An analysis ofthe particle packings show that the length separation between defects controlsthe geometrical properties of the helical sections, including the orientation,and that pairs of defects experience a weak, but long range attractionresulting from entropic free volumes effects. These collective long rangeinteractions overcome the restrictions on quasi-one-dimensional transitions,even though the particle-particle interaction is short ranged.

An orientationally ordered helical fluid phase in a quasi-one-dimensional system of confined hard spheres