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Despite the numerous benefits brought by Device-to-Device (D2D)communications, the introduction of D2D into cellular networks poses many newchallenges in the resource allocation design due to the co-channel interferencecaused by spectrum reuse and limited battery life of User Equipments (UEs).Most of the previous studies mainly focus on how to maximize the SpectralEfficiency (SE) and ignore the energy consumption of UEs. In this paper, westudy how to maximize each UE's Energy Efficiency (EE) in aninterference-limited environment subject to its specific Quality of Service(QoS) and maximum transmission power constraints. We model the resourceallocation problem as a noncooperative game, in which each player isself-interested and wants to maximize its own EE. A distributedinterference-aware energy-efficient resource allocation algorithm is proposedby exploiting the properties of the nonlinear fractional programming. We provethat the optimum solution obtained by the proposed algorithm is the Nashequilibrium of the noncooperative game. We also analyze the tradeoff between EEand SE and derive closed-form expressions for EE and SE gaps.

A Game-Theoretic Approach to Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Device-to-Device Underlay Communications