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We report on the role of plasmonic resonances in determining the delicatebalance between scattering and absorption of light in nanometric particlearrays applied to the front surface of solar cells. Strong parasitic absorptionis shown to be dependent upon the excitation of localized surface plasmonresonances and prohibits efficient scattering into the underlyingsemiconductor. Via detailed analytical and numerical investigations we obtainthe dependence of scattering and absorption in nanoparticles upon their complexrefractive index. These results provide an insight into the optimum materialproperties required to minimize parasitic optical absorption, while maintaininghigh scattering cross-section efficiency, thus providing a general designguideline for efficient light trapping with scattering nanoparticles. The workis extended to include comprehensive optoelectronic simulations of plasmonicsolar cells in which the scattering metals are made from either Au, Ag or Al.We show that Al particles provide the closest approximation to the optimizedparticle refractive index and therefore exhibit the smallest parasiticabsorption and correspondingly lead to the greatest solar cell efficiencyenhancements. Indeed, for the Al particles we report a full-band enhancement ofexternal quantum efficiency over the reference device.

Design guidelines for efficient plasmonic solar cells exploiting the trade-off between scattering and metallic absorption