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The subtle differences between positive and negative pion spectra can used beused to study the nature of the nuclear interaction region in heavy-ioncollisions. Several large acceptance heavy ion experiments at facilitiesranging from SIS, the AGS, the SPS, to RHIC have measured mid-rapidity $\pi^+$and $\pi^-$ spectra for central Au+Au or Pb+Pb collisions. From these spectraone can create pion ratios as a function of $m_t-m_0$, which are used todetermine the Coulomb potential, $V_C$, and the initial pion ratio, $R_i$,across a range of collision energies from 1 to 158 AGeV. The implications ofthe $V_C$ and $R_i$ trends with collision energy will be discussed.

Coulomb effect in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions as a function of collision energy