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We develop an approximate analytical technique for evaluating the performanceof multi-hop networks based on beaconless IEEE 802.15.4, a popular standard forwireless sensor networks. The network comprises sensor nodes, which generatemeasurement packets, relay nodes which only forward packets, and a data sink(base station). We consider a detailed stochastic process at each node, andanalyse this process taking into account the interaction with neighboring nodesvia certain time averaged unknown variables (e.g., channel sensing rates,collision probabilities, etc.). By coupling the analyses at various nodes, weobtain fixed point equations that can be solved numerically to obtain theunknown variables, thereby yielding approximations of time average performancemeasures, such as packet discard probabilities and average queueing delays. Themodel incorporates packet generation at the sensor nodes and queues at thesensor nodes and relay nodes. We demonstrate the accuracy of our model by anextensive comparison with simulations. As an additional assessment of theaccuracy of the model, we utilize it in an algorithm for sensor network designwith quality-of-service (QoS) objectives, and show that designs obtained usingour model actually satisfy the QoS constraints (as validated by simulating thenetworks), and the predictions are accurate to well within 10% as compared tothe simulation results.

A Fast and Accurate Performance Analysis of Beaconless IEEE 802.15.4 Multi-Hop Networks