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Spin-orbit coupling in solids describes an interaction between an electron'sspin, an internal quantum-mechanical degree of freedom, with its linearmomentum, an external property. Spin-orbit interaction, due to its relativisticnature, is typically small in solids, and is often taken into accountperturbatively. It has been recently realized, however, that materials withstrong spin-orbit coupling can lead to novel states of matter such astopological insulators and superconductors. This exciting development mightlead to a number of useful applications ranging from spintronics to quantumcomputing. In particular, theory predicts that narrow band gap semiconductorswith strong spin-obit coupling are a suitable platform for the realization ofMajorana zero-energy modes, predicted to obey exotic non-Abelian braidingstatistics. The pursuit for realizing Majorana modes in condensed mattersystems and investigating their exotic properties has been a subject ofintensive experimental research recently. Here, we demonstrate the firstrealization of gate-defined wires where one-dimensional confinement is createdusing electrostatic potentials, on large area InAs two dimensional electronsystems (2DESs). The electronic properties of the parent 2DES are fullycharacterized in the region that wires are formed. The strength of thespin-orbit interaction has been measured and tuned while the high mobility ofthe 2DES is maintained in the wire. We show that this scheme could provide newprospective solutions for scalable and complex wire networks.

Tuning spin orbit interaction in high quality gate-defined InAs one-dimensional channels