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The electrons and phonons in metal films after ultra-short pulse laserheating are in highly non-equilibrium states not only between the electronsub-system and the phonon sub-system but also within the electron sub-system.An electrohydrodynamics model consisting of the balance equations of electrondensity, energy density of electrons, and energy density of phonons is derivedfrom the coupled non-equilibrium electron and phonon Boltzmann transportequations to study the nonlinear transport phenomena, such as the electrondensity fluctuation and the transient electrical current in metal films, afterultra-short pulse laser heating. The time-dependent temperature distributionsis calculated by the coupled electron and phonon Boltzmann transport equations,the electrohydrodynamics model derived in this work, and the two-temperaturemodel for different laser pulse durations, film thicknesses, and laserfluences. We find that the two-temperature model overestimates the electrontemperature at the frontsurface of the film and underestimates the damagethreshold when the nonlinear thermal transport of electrons is important. Theelectrohydrodynamics model proposedin this work could be a more accurateprediction tool to study the non-equilibrium electron phonon transport processthan the two-temperature model and it is much easier to be solved than thecoupled electron and phonon Boltzmann transport equations.

An Electrohydrodynamics Model for Non-equilibrium Electron and Phonon Transport in Metal Films after Ultra-short Pulse Laser Heating