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Using X-ray micro-diffraction and surface acoustic wave spectroscopy, wemeasure lattice swelling and elastic modulus changes in a W-1%Re alloy afterimplantation with 3110 appm of helium. A fraction of a percent observed latticeexpansion gives rise to an order of magnitude larger reduction in the surfaceacoustic wave velocity. A multiscale elasticity, molecular dynamics, anddensity functional theory model is applied to the interpretation ofobservations. The measured lattice swelling is consistent with the relaxationvolume of self-interstitial and helium-filled vacancy defects that dominate thehelium-implanted material microstructure. Molecular dynamics simulationsconfirm the elasticity model for swelling. Elastic properties of the implantedsurface layer also change due to defects. The reduction of surface acousticwave velocity predicted by density functional theory calculations agreesremarkably well with experimental observations.

Lattice swelling and modulus change in a helium-implanted tungsten  alloy: X-ray micro-diffraction, surface acoustic wave measurements, and  multiscale modelling