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5G cellular communications promise to deliver the gigabit experience tomobile users, with a capacity increase of up to three orders of magnitude withrespect to current LTE systems. There is widespread agreement that such anambitious goal will be realized through a combination of innovative techniquesinvolving different network layers. At the physical layer, the OFDM modulationformat, along with its multiple-access strategy OFDMA, is not taken forgranted, and several alternatives promising larger values of spectralefficiency are being considered. This paper provides a review of somemodulation formats suited for 5G, enriched by a comparative analysis of theirperformance in a cellular environment, and by a discussion on theirinteractions with specific 5G ingredients. The interaction with a massive MIMOsystem is also discussed by employing real channel measurements.

Modulation Formats and Waveforms for the Physical Layer of 5G Wireless Networks: Who Will be the Heir of OFDM?