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We consider a cellular network with multi-antenna base stations (BSs) andsingle-antenna users, multicell cooperation, imperfect channel stateinformation, and directional antennas each with a vertically adjustable beam.We investigate the impact of the elevation angle of the BS antenna pattern,denoted as tilt, on the performance of the considered network when employingeither a conventional single-cell transmission or a fully cooperative multicelltransmission. Using the results of this investigation, we propose a novelhybrid multicell cooperation technique in which the intercell interference iscontrolled via either cooperative beamforming in the horizontal plane orcoordinated beamfroming in the vertical plane of the wireless channel, denotedas adaptive multicell 3D beamforming. The main idea is to divide the coveragearea into two disjoint vertical regions and adapt the multicell cooperationstrategy at the BSs when serving each region. A fair scheduler is used to sharethe time-slots between the vertical regions. It is shown that the proposedtechnique can achieve performance comparable to that of a fully cooperativetransmission but with a significantly lower complexity and signalingrequirements. To make the performance analysis computationally efficient,analytical expressions for the user ergodic rates under different beamformingstrategies are also derived.

Adaptive Multicell 3D Beamforming in Multi-Antenna Cellular Networks